Challenges Of Operating In Qatar Clothing Companies - 22000 Words

Cultural Challenges Of Operating In Qatar – Case Study Of International Clothing Companies (Dissertation Sample) Content: CULTURAL CHALLENGES OF OPERATING IN QATAR CASE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL CLOTHING COMPANIESContentAcknowledgementI would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor for providing me with the support and continuous feedback to complete this dissertation. AbstractThe study offered an in-depth examination of the current cultural challenges of operating in Qatar and attempted to ascertain the current cultural opportunities and trends conducive to the success of European clothing chains. The study also examined cultural factors acting as barriers to the European clothing companies already established in Qatar. Formulating a hypothesis from the data collected, the study used a combination of deductive and inductive approaches and qualitative and quantitative research methods; data were collected from primary sources, in the form of questionnaires and interviews, and from secondary sources. A total of 270 respondents were selected randomly for the study, co mprising 120 staff from three target companies and 150 customers. The results indicated that culture plays a crucial role in consumers choice of clothing. The clothing industry in Qatar operates under strict Islamic laws and cultural traditions which have limited the market opportunities and expansion for various European fashion companies. Clothing is a significant aspect in Middle Eastern countries and is treated with much respect; hence everyone living in these countries is expected to adhere to the culture by dressing with respect and modesty. All females are expected to dress appropriately within Islamic principles and values; these conflict with Western clothing styles, in which females expose their bodies. These values and principles have restricted Western fashion clothing designs, making it hard for companies to sell such fashions in the Qatar clothing market. In conclusion, culture and Islamic traditions clearly play a big role in the Qatar clothing market. Western fashion designs are not currently popular, as most people prefer to abide by traditional Islamic values, principles and modes of dress. Chapter 1 - Introduction The dissertation studied the cultural challenges of international clothing companies in Qatar. In recent years, many foreign companies have expanded in to the Middle East as part of their global expansion strategy.Background to the Study Globalisation has put pressure on businesses to internationalize their operations and functions in order to survive and sustain in a competitive market. The increasing need to take business abroad and attract international customers, has made entrepreneurs and business owners to become innovative and find effective strategies to internationalize their businesses. The globalization and internationalization of businesses is a growing area in todays economy as firms try to acquire a competitive edge in the market Robinson (1984). When expanding internationally a firm needs to consider its mode of en try, the mode of entry will be determined by the market attractiveness, which is determined by a high market growth, if it has a low political risk, the attitudes they have to foreign investment, and the favourable competitive market environment. One such nation companies are seeking to venture into is Qatar, which has shown remarkable developments in economic, political, and social aspects. However, any international business seeking to succeed in this market has to deal with the social, cultural, political, economic, legal and environmental factors. It is evident that the Qatar social cultural practices have a strong influence on consumer market, advertising, and business practices, especially the clothing industry. Consumers are under the influence of social-cultural influences like Islamic culture, which influence the consumer to conduct their affairs with honesty, respect, peacefulness, kindness, modesty, community, and purity (Al-Buracy 2004). The consumer is also under the i nfluence of the rules of the Quran and Sunnah (Gole 2002). The consumer is expected to respect laws where the Quran guides women and men on how to dress and conduct their affairs modestly and with respect (Rice and Al-Mossawi 2002). Clothing is an important aspect since the choice of clothing a person wears indentifies their gender, social, and religious identities, as a means through which individuals place themselves in the society through established codes of behaviour (Gibson 2000). Clothing is an important element to the culture in Qatar in which modesty is required, especially of women who are expected to wear clothes that cover their bodies (Al-Qarawadi 1995). This requirement for modesty is an aspect that has affected the market entry mode for international clothing companies into Qatar and the Middle East in general (Boulanouar 2006). The requirement for modesty clothing is translated into different styles and forms of hair and body covering, like the black abaya in Qatar and the rest of the countries of the Gulf region for women, and the white thoub for men and head covering ghatra (Al-Qarawadi 1995). The study of the clothing market in terms of marketing, consumer behaviour and cultural influences for an international clothing company is of importance for this study. The study of cultural influences and the challenges they pose to clothing companies is of importance since Qatar is a nation undergoing rapid economic, social, and political changes. It is one of the countries with the highest GDP per head in the world with rapidly expanding economy. The changes in Qatar are indicated in the shifts in discourse taking place in religion, beauty and modernity, in advertising, media and commercial imagery (Belk, Gressel and Sobh 2008). This study is of importance since the desire for leadership to have modernity and openness like the western countries has led to the embracing of western values and cultures, which has created a cultural and national challe nges. It is evident that new clothing styles and modern adornments have been adopted by young Qatari women, leading to a form of conflict with traditional Islamic and Middle Eastern cultural practices (Boulanouar 2006; Gole 2002). The tension between cultures is due to the western culture of display of womens beauty and sexuality to the public, with the modern Abaya, having haute couture garments (Belk, Gressel and Sobh 2008). Therefore, a clothing company in this market has to face the varying cultural influences that are reflected on the type of garments they have to sell. Businesses use marketing and advertisements approaches to communicate with their potential consumers, by identifying, anticipating and satisfying their needs. A clothing company therefore seeking to operate in Qatar faces serious and significant inherent cultural practices that influence the behaviour, preferences, and style of consumers. This study identified that a clothing company in Qatar has to face challen ges of adapting their business processes and products to the Islam code, which identifies Halal and Haram, which refer to what is lawful/permitted and forbidden/ prohibited, respectively. The research explores the fact that marketing strategies in Qatar are required to be founded on Islamic ethos. Where, the production processes of any good and service be innocent and pure from the beginning to the end, based on the Quran and Sunnah, (Al-Faruqi 1992) and must make use of value-maximization approach over the profit-maximization (Saeed et al. 2001). It is also noted that the marketing strategy of branding is not separated from the Islamic faith, where a company and its name must depict trade relations that are have sincere intentions, where business parties meet good deeds and are not just interested in material benefits. The expectation is that these values a reflected in the supply chain, distribution, marketing and advertising channels for all businesses. Therefore, Islamic princip les and cultural practices guide the consumption patterns of consumers and should be applied to the core of many companys marketing principles and business line (Alserhan 2010).In the Middle East, companies can not have the same range of products linked to specific clothing lines and does not perform the standard services as in the West.If the correct product is not offered in the appropriate way, it can lead to negative consequences for the business.Product selection and promotion are two important factors reflecting the profitability of international clothing companies (Hollensen, 2007).The problem area for the present research refers to how to adapt these elements to a new market of the Middle East with particular focus on culture. To solve this problem, the study explores various cultural factors in Qatar that may affect and present challenges to clothing companies. Problem Statement The identifies that two factors from the promotion and product factors of marketing mix method a nd marketing strategy approach of consumer behaviour, are affected by cultural restrictions. The product mix and consumer tastes area affected by Qatar cultural practices, like the requirement for women to wear clothing that elicits modesty and completely covers their bodies. This is a marketing challenge as European clothing companies with traditional western marketing strategies cannot censor their clothing lines and follow these Islamic strategies. Qatar is under the influence of cultural practices and Islamic religious beliefs directed by the Quran and Sunnah, where the latter is the recorded sayings and writings of Prophet Mohammed. The challenge of many clothing companies is the great influence these laws have on the conduct, behaviour, tastes, and preferences of consumers. This is because, under these teachings, the consumer is influenced by Shariah law that enforces r...

Financial Literacy 101 Avoid becoming a “bad debt” statistic

In June of this year, CNBC reported that â€Å"36% of U.S. college students say they already have more than $1,000 in credit card debt.† For those of you who remember your SAT conversions, that’s over a third of all American students. One cause for this startling fact may be that few educators are bothering to prepare future collegians to assume fiscal responsibility. In an article for Forbes, Mark Avallone reveals that â€Å"only 17 states require that high school students take a course in personal finance.† Debt in itself is not necessarily a bad thing. The financial community has long distinguished between bad and good debt. Good debt can help you get an education, a house, your first car. Bad debt tends to finance designer wardrobes, jet skis, and Mardi Gras weekends for those who have no realistic way to pay off these bills. Jane Hodges puts it succinctly in her blog 10 Lessons in Financial Literacy All College Students Should Learn: â€Å"Not all debt is bad—managing debt badly is bad.† What can you do to avoid becoming a â€Å"bad debt† statistic? Learning (and practicing!) sound money management is the first step. Below are a few suggestions: Actively Budget. To be honest, this is an area some adults have trouble with, too. Students would do well to remember Charles Dickens’ Micawber Principle: "Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen pounds nineteen and six, result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pounds nought and six, result misery." In other words, if your income is exceeded by your spending you’ve got problems. The best way to balance your budget is to keep track of your spending. This can involve a spreadsheet, an app, or an old-fashioned notepad. Record everything: avoid the temptation to decide that â€Å"this purchase doesn’t count.† Everything counts. Sidestep Credit Card Pitfalls. Avallone offers this advice to families: â€Å"If the credit card mailers addressed to your teenager haven’t started to inundate your mailbox, just wait.† Make sure you are armed with enough information to choose wisely. Do you understand the disadvantages of making only minimum payments? Are you aware that making a late payment can result in a higher interest rate? Know the terms of your agreement before you sign up for that card. Build Your Personal Credit Score. Students who refuse to consider any type of credit may be throwing the baby out with the bathwater. You need to establish that you can handle debt responsibly before you enter adult life. That can’t be done if you never borrow anything! If you are apprehensive about your ability to borrow maturely, there are resources to help. Google! U.S. News has an excellent article by Beverly Harzog entitled, 5 Mistakes College Students Make With Credit Cards. Scholarship America offers Five Financial Literacy Month Tools for College Students (five seems to be a popular number). Harvard University posts guides for budgeting, credit, and taxes, among other things. Get informed for a healthy financial future! At A+ Test Prep and Tutoring, our focus is always on you. Our practices are based on the latest developments in educational theory and research. Our excellent team of tutors can help with standardized testing, executive functioning, or achievement in any other school subject. If you would like more information, Client Service Directors Anne Stanley and Susan Ware are available to answer questions and provide solutions. You may reach either of them by calling A+ Test Prep and Tutoring at 215-886-9188.

Problems In America Be Fixed - 1490 Words

How Can the Problems in America be Fixed? The United States is one of the most powerful countries in the world. Although right now, we are trying to get up from a big fall. In my opinion, our country has many problems that I think we can solve including health care, immigration, and foreign affairs. Americans want them solved. That way, we can live in a safe and powerful country, and we can restore the American Dream. A problem that can affect people and their families is the unemployment rate. We need to get people back to work and off of welfare and ultimately, off of the streets. Welfare includes programs like Medicaid and Food Stamps (â€Å"What are Welfare Programs? List, Myths vs Facts†). Medicaid provides enough money to afford health†¦show more content†¦We would need a profit from agreements like NAFTA. We need to be willing to renegotiate. President Trump has talked about renegotiating NAFTA ever since he was on the campaign trail. We are not currently gaining much from NAFTA right now. We also have many problems with our foreign affairs. The deal put together years ago known as NAFTA, which stands for the North American Free Trade Agreement needs to be revised. This deal does not benefit our country as much as President Trump wants. Some people would argue that it can benefit us on deals with Canada (Kiersz). In some states though, there are less exports to Mexico than C anada (Kiersz). Over the years, the unevenness of the ratio of trade has hurt the United States, particularly on the job market (NAFTA, 20 Years Later: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs?). Since newer items are being made in Mexico, the jobs for these manufacturers are sliding down to Mexico with them (NAFTA, 20 Years Later: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs?). Although, President Trump has been lowering the unemployment percentages here in the United States since he took office (Bureau of Labor Statistics). A problem that needs to be addressed now is terrorism. Specifically, over the last few years a terrorist group known as ISIS has claimed responsibility for many terror attacks all over the United States. They are also responsible for some more overseas. There have been a few all over the country ofShow MoreRelatedRacism, Hatred, Skin Color, And Judging Are All Parts Of Racism947 Words   |  4 Pagesare apart of America’s problem today. One reason is there are still s ome hatred towards immigrants coming into the United States. Second there are still people in the United States of America who are biased against colored people. Lastly there are people who judge other people by the way they look. There are so many situations now in America that involves racism; it’s ridiculous. That seems to be a main topic in the U.S. Racism is a problem in America that needs to be fixed. There is still someRead MoreThe Differences Between Developed Nations and Latin America1207 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The primary difference between developed nations and Latin America will be that of cost and competition. America is characterized by excessive competition, primarily in commodity based businesses. In many instances America practices protectionism in regards to its cocoa and sugar manufacturers. As a result, there are barriers to entry that cause foreign candy manufactures cost to rise substantially. Arcor does not have this problem in its home county as it can seamless and efficiently distributeRead MoreAir Pollution Is Something That Every Country Suffer From.896 Words   |  4 PagesAir pollution is something that every country suffer from. The United States of America is one of those countries. According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pollution levels in many areas of the United States exceed national air quality standards. With air pollution exce eding air quality, some political parties are willing to take action, while others are not. Understanding the most current presidential candidates’ views on air pollution is vital to ensure who will protect the childrenRead MoreBio Pharma1005 Words   |  5 PagesBioPharma have used its production network in 2009? Should any of the plants have been idled? What is the annual cost of your proposal, including import duties? As Landgraf’s objective is to design a more cost-effective network (cost minimization problem subject to various capacity constraints), the following production network in 2009 should have been used by BioPharma: *All numbers below are in millions *Total Transportation Cost=SUMPRODUCT of each plant’s Highcal production with correspondingRead MoreTelefonica Case Study966 Words   |  4 Pageslargest telecommunications companies by market cap. Its activities are centred mainly on the fixed and mobile telephony businesses, while its broadband business is the key growth driver underpinning both. It operates in 25 countries and its customer base exceeds 264 million globally. Telefà ³nica’s growth strategy is focused on the markets in which it has a strong foothold: Spain, Europe and Latin America. The Group stands in third position in the sector Telco worldwide in terms of market capitalisationRead MoreReport: BioPharma, Inc.1037 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2005, Phillip (Phil) Landgraf faced several glaring problems in the financial performance of his company, BioPharma, Inc. The firm had experienced a steep decline in profits and very high costs at its plants in Germany and Japan. Landgraf, the company s president for worldwide operations, knew that demand for the company s products was stable across the globe. As a result, the surplus capacity in his global production network looked like a luxury he could no longer afford. Any improvement inRead MoreThe United States uses a presidential system of government and is a stable democracy; therefore, it is advisable for new democracies to also choose pr1628 Words   |  7 Pagesexecutive governs using the authority derived from direct election, with an independent legislature. (Hague and Harrop: 269) This is due to a main feature of presidential government where both president and legislature are elected for a fixed term, where neither can bring down the other and so giving each institution some autonomy. Other main features include a popular election of the president who directs the government and makes appointments to it such as choosing the CabinetRead MoreEssay On How To Change A President811 Words   |  4 Pagesto change the problems America may face, especially if that president is following behind a president who may have served for 8 years. For example, when president George Bush 2 term presidency was over, President Barak Obama had to come behind him and create a way to end the war in Iraq which nearly took 3 years, almost his entire first term as president. Depending on who the previous president may be, it may take a full term to fix one to two problems. Then if the problem is fixed, if the presidentRead MoreBiopharma: Costs and Japan Mexico U.s1502 Words   |  7 PagesCase study-- Biopharma Inc. Presented by:Prateek Mittal 2010PMM111 Yatendra Singh 2010PMM115 Himanshu Bhatt 2010PMM132 Main points ‡ Problems faced in financial performance of biopharma Inc. ‡ Steep decline in profits. ‡ Very high costs at Germany and Japan plants. ‡ Stable demand across the globe. ‡ Company could no longer afford to have surplus capacity. ‡ Aims at having an efficient network. ‡ Cutting the costs is the top priority. Background ‡ Biopharma Inc. is a global manufacturerRead MoreAnalysis Of James Coleman s Article On Equality Of Educational Opportunity1517 Words   |  7 Pagesof the famous, â€Å"Coleman Report†. The Coleman Report is an article based on James Coleman’s findings in a major study conducted at John Hopkins University. Professor Coleman worked along side others to conduct a study with the goal of resolving the problems of equal educational opportunities. This report was published by the US Government, under the title â€Å"Equality of Educational Opportunity†. It is noted that the concept of â€Å"equality of educational opportunity† has changed drastically over the years

Reviews of Three Popular Forestry Field Compasses

Importance Of Leader And Subordinate Relationship

Running head: THE IMPORTANCE OF LEADER AND SUBORDINATE RELATIONSHIP THE IMPORTANCE OF LEADER AND SUBORDINATE RELATIONSHIP 2 The Importance of Leader and Subordinate Relationship Juan Rodriguez MGMT 496 April 20.2017 Theoretical Framework This chapter explains the theories that are behind the hypotheses. Theories explain why the independent variable leads to the dependent variable in each of the hypotheses. You should find a theory or theories that explain each of your hypotheses. (Often one theory will apply to all hypotheses and you do not need to repeat the same information for each hypothesis.) LMX Leader Exchange theory first appeared in the 1970’s and its focus is the member subordinate relationships. This can†¦show more content†¦Leaders and organizations have vested interests in the performance of their subordinates and will employ means suitable to getting them to achieve a task, i.e., enmbracinng a role expectation scenario. Leaders will, by various means, come to identify and use whatever methods necessary to get their subordinates to fit and perform within their roles. The challenge that leaders have is that they will usually have a number of subordinates under their supervision at a time which can be challenging in terms of getting them all to perform as expected. Formal and standard operating procedures call for a relative form of oppression ranging from simple directives to reprimands and threats of termination to get employees to do their work. However the LMX identifies that subordinates are much more motivated to accomplish these roles with interpersonal exchanges between the leader and the aforementioned employee. LMX Implications to Organizational Members Theoretically, then, the LMX model is about operationalizing as many variables as possible in the role-making approach. As such role-development will inevitably lead to differentiated and varied leader-member exchanges. Leaders must strive to maximize this differentiation within the time constraints that apply to organizational environments versus work efficacyShow MoreRelatedThe Leadership Model : Inclusive Leadership And Organizational Culture Among A Diverse Global Group Of Employees1065 Words   |  5 Pagesleadership is based on leadership that is ethical and all-encompassing driven by the leaders desire to honestly connect to subordinates. Ethical leaders such as Authentic, Servant, and Strategic understand the importance of all subordinates regardless of race, creed, color or national origin play an equally important role in the strategic organizational plan. Such traits allow leaders to effectively engage with subordinates of a wide variety of cultural, demographic, and soci al constrictions. This assignmentRead MoreTheories Of Leadership And Leadership Theory Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pagestraits of leaders, and how they affect subordinates in the workplace. Then came contingency theories, which took into account situational/contextual factors. Newer theories have come up, which introduced the idea that leader-subordinate relationships are individually different. These newer theories are Contemporary theories of leadership. They include Leader-Member exchange Theory, Implicit Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory. In this paper, I shall examine Leader Member ExchangeRead MoreShoud Spirituality Be Allowed in the Workplace?1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1950’s (p.230). Leader Member Exchange relationship is based on social exchange, reciprocity and role has evolved as a crucial factor in fostering competiveness of most organizations. High quality exchange relationships are more likely to occur when leaders are honest, trustworthy, and concerned about the well being of their followers (Erdogan et al., 2006: Wayne et al., 2002). Ethical leaders are likely to develop high quality exchange relationships with their subordinates through honest andRead MoreInclusive Leadership : Forming A Global Team1114 Words   |  5 Pagesinclusive leadership is based on leadership that is ethical and all-encompassing driven by the leader s desire to honestly connect to subordinates. Ethical leaders understand all subordinates regardless of race, creed, color or national origin play an equally important role in the strategic organizational plan (Cottrill, Lopez Hoffman, 2014). Such traits allow leaders to effectively engage with subordinates of a wide variety of cultural, demographic, and social constrictions. This assignment will addressRead MoreLmx Theory Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesThe LMX theory suggests that when subordinates believe in themselves they become empowered to do better at a given task improving production and job performance. LMX theory has shown that leaders who motivate and offer subordinates tools to improve skills and gain confidence will result in employees performing better. In the case of a Tale of Two Coaches, there is strong evidence of the LMX theory in both case studies. Both Coach K and Coach Knight use motivational tactics and training to improveRead MoreComparative Essay About S ignificant Leadership Skills Based on Three Research Articles890 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness. Leader can be described as a person who guides and supports his subordinates to achieve a common goal. Leader should possess a number of specific skills that may help him to organise and direct a group of people. Successful leadership requires a range of special qualities, such as communication skills or an ability to work under pressure. Three recent articles (Cappelli et al. 2010, Ladkin and Weber 2011, Useem 2010) have analysed a variety of characteristics of successful leaders. HoweverRead MoreEssay on Leaders and Managers982 Words   |  4 PagesLeaders and Managers Leaders and managers are two individual roles with multiple intertwining definitions. In order to be a leader, one must have followers, however; does not everyone under management, follow the managers orders? Therefore, the question arises, are managers leaders? If so, what constitutes as leadership? Obviously, in order to obtain these roles, one must have influence over their subordinates, but does the level of influence fluctuate between a manager’s role and a leaders roleRead MoreLaissez Faire And Transformational Leadership Styles Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pages also known as delegative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which leaders are hands-off and allow group members to make the decisions. Because of this, researchers have found that this is generally the leadership style that leads to the lowest productivity among group members. Laissez-faire is often characterised by: very little guidance from leaders, complete freedom for followers to make decisions, le aders provide the tools and resources needed, group members are expected to solve problemsRead MoreEssay on Conflict Management Styles 1166 Words   |  5 Pageson how the skills of leaders can be enriched so as to enable them to act with greater proficiency when their contributions are from dealing with and through people especially their subordinates. One way of looking into this issue is from the conflict perspectives. The attention to interpersonal relationships is due to our belief that sound leader-subordinate relationships are important and consistent with humanistic and cooperative work environment sought by contemporary leaders. It is also believedRead MoreBecoming A Non Commissioned Officer998 Words   |  4 PagesI’ve recognized that the type of leader I am currently is considered being Management by Exception-Passive (MBE-P). Being MBE-P my leadership approach is based on the motto of â€Å"if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it.† I am an individu al who will holds his subordinates and peers accountable for their actions if standards aren’t being met. My leadership approach is more reactive than proactive. My leadership style is also defined as being a Team Leader. Being a Team Leader I’m categized as being concern with

The Effects Of Corporal Punishment On The Parent Child...

THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT ON THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP. There are many different ways of disciplining a child. Corporal punishment is one of the main ones. The term corporal punishment means the intentional infliction of pain on the body for purposes of punishment and includes slapping, hitting with objects, pinching, shaking and forcing to stand for long periods of time. Family researchers define corporal punishment as the use of physical force aimed at causing children to experience pain but not injury, for the purposes of correction and control of youthful behavior (Murry). This essay is going to talk about how corporal punishment affect the child. The term spanking is a form of physical or corporal†¦show more content†¦Corporal punishment of children is becoming a worldwide topic of discussion. Policies have been developed in 53 countries prohibiting corporal punishment in all aspects; unfortunately, the United States is not included in this count (Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children). Unfortualy in the united states Prohibition is still to be achieved in homes, some alternative care, some daycare, some schools and some penal institutions. State laws confirm the right of parents to inflict physical punishment on their children and legal provisions against violence and abuse are not interpreted as prohibiting all corporal punishment in childrearing. â€Å"The near universal acceptance of corporal punishment in â€Å"disciplining† children necessitates a clear statement in law that all corporal punishment, however light, is prohibited and the repeal of all legal defenses for its useâ₠¬  (Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children) The number of countries prohibiting corporal punishment continues to rise, as well as the amount of research looking at the effects of corporal punishment. Corporal punishment has been shown to have adverse effects on children in many ways including increased anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and antisocial behavior. The main concern with the attachment theory is that using physical punishment can haveShow MoreRelatedEffects of Corporal Punishment on Children When Used in the Home1354 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Corporal Punishment on Children When Used in the Home Discussion about corporal punishment is everywhere. It is in the news and in the home, and in education on what is punishment and what is abuse is beginning to rise. Corporal punishment has been used as a disciplinary tool for parents throughout all of Americas history (Gershoff, 2002, p. 1). However, the definition of what corporal punishment actually is, is still unclear to some people and parents. In Wendy Walshs essay, SpankerRead MorePositive Effects Of Corporal Punishment1174 Words   |  5 PagesGershoff’s article talks only about a few positive effects of corporal punishment which include immediate compliance, prevention of future misbehavior, and moral internalization. Corporal punishment is often seen as ineffective and as having negative results in children’s development including developing of aggressive behaviors, harming parent-child relationships, and damaging mental health. Mediational processes are inevitable consequences of corporal punishment wh en administered to children; a few of themRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Controversial Topical1621 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment is a highly controversial topical. According to Benjet and Kazdin (2002), capital punishment can be defined as a child receiving a spank, an open-handed hit, on the buttocks that does not leave a lasting mark. The main theme of arguments in favor of capital punishment is in reference to its quick allowance of acceptance. On the other hand, the theme for arguments against capital punishment focuses on the long term effects of it. The stigma around spanking your child has changedRead MoreThe Case Against Spanking By Brendan L. Smith910 Words   |  4 Pagesresearchers has described that physical abuse and spanking can lead to some serious effects in children. Physical punishment can lead to aggression, antisocial behavior, and other negative effects physically and emotionally. The research and studies have found evidence of abuse to children in short-terms and long-terms. The physical discipline has been viewed as a violation of Children’s Human Rights. Physical punishment of children became a taboo in 30 countries this legal ban is used only as publicRead MoreEffects Of Positive Punishment On Children1562 Words   |  7 Pages This paper will explore effects of positive punishment on children from research conducted through an online database. The articles however vary in certain aspects and perspective of punishment. Lansford, Wagner, Bates, Pettit, Dodge (2012) discuss the controversy as to whether or not infrequent spanking is related to the higher levels of externalizing behavior. Fletcher (2012) discusses whether or not the use of punishment is effective on children. Straus (1999) suggested about 15 years ago thatRead MoreCorporal Punishment And Its Effect On Children1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior Seven nations Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus-have laws making it illicit for parents to utilize physical discipline on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in every one of the nations in Europe, South and Central America, China and JapanRead MoreCorporal Punishment Should Be Banned1459 Words   |  6 Pagescourse, it is no surprise that corporal punishment against school going children is one of the most controversial topics throughout the globe, including within political, academic, and general public debates at large. A detailed review of available literature on the topic reveals that the academic discussion is divided into those who argue that corporal punishment is effective and necessary in schools, and those who argue that the risks and disadvantages of corporal punishment far outweigh its benefitsRead MoreThe Effects Of Corporal Punishment On Children932 Words   |  4 PagesChildren and Corporal Punishment Punishing children has been one of the most controversial parenting topics this generation has seen. Physical punishment or corporal punishment is simple defined as the use of physical force with the purpose of initiating pain, but not wound, to teach the proper behavior of a child. Corporal punishment has been used for many centuries in schools and in homes but the use of such techniques have since decreased and are not being used in many places today. EvidenceRead MoreCorporal Punishment And Its Usage986 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The topic of whether or not parents and teachers should use corporal punishment in the name of discipline had caught my eye for several reasons. One of the most important reasons is that I was beaten by a wooden paddle while I was growing up. I was about 12 years of age when my teacher beats all of my classmates including me just because one of us was misbehaving. That was in Baghdad, Iraq, where teachers and parents are allowed to use corporal punishment freely without any fear. Another reasonRead MoreCorporal Punishment and the Effects of Its Usage757 Words   |  3 PagesCorporal Punishment and the effects of its usage Corporal punishment is the ability to make physical contact as a form of punishment for reprimanding ones behavior. Corporal punishment versus positive reinforcement while they both serve their purpose corporal punishment is known to be more effective. The most common form of disciplining has always been either a spanking, corporal punishment has been dated all the way back to biblical times. Now the corporal punishment that occurred during biblical

Counseling Pleasant or Positive Emotions

Question: Write about the Counseling for Pleasant or Positive Emotions. Answer: Introduction Happiness is emotional or mental wellbeing that can be termed by pleasant or positive emotions varying from satisfaction to passionate joy (Helliwell et al., 2013). When an individual is mentally happy, it can also reflect the judgments of a person on their general wellbeing. On the other hand, religious and philosophers see happiness regarding living better life rather than only being emotion. Psychologist finds happiness as experiences regular positive emotions, like as joy, curiosity and conceit, unconstructive emotions, like as sorrowanxietyandanger(Csikszentmihalyi, 2013). Happiness has also been indicated tolink to life fulfillment, enjoyment of life, periods of delight, but in general, it has to do with the constructive encounters of emotions. How Happiness can be Measured Psychologists have sought ways to measure happiness to look at happiness via scientific methods (Pavot, 2014). It is done to measure the satisfactions which can be utilized to bring a comparison of one group of individuals with another and also track those people within a given time to evaluate the impact of life interventions. However, these evaluations focus on the emotions and the way people assess their lives. Subjective well-being forms on of the important idea in positive psychology. It is defined as the assessments of emotions or moods and individuals life. Subjective well-being consists of three sections, negative effects, benefits and life satisfaction (Jacobsson, Lexell, 2016). Positive and negative impacts have jutted the moods and emotions. Satisfaction is the assessment of the life of an individual such as the conditions in the life, how close is one with ideal life, if a person has gotten crucial things in the life and if one will make a difference in life. All these steps target to evaluate the life satisfaction. Also, it is very crucial to point out that the life satisfaction is more than the sum of emotional wellbeing within a given period; for example, habitually happy people can be satisfied with their education despite the fact that they might feel moderately pleased with some particular arts such as classes or books. Many researchers utilize satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) to evaluate the life contentment. However, positive and negative affect schedule PANAS is employed to assess the negative and positive influence (Corrigan et al., 2013). Another option is to track the positive and negative impact during the day, half an hour and also life fulfillment during the conclusion of each and every day. By doing this, one will get a vivid understanding of the specific activities one provides the mainly emotional wellbeing. Also, one of the best ways which one can do this is setting an alarm at an interval of 30 minutes. To evaluate the affect, one can use 0 to 3 scales to the queries such as do you feel negative or positive emotions now? The closed answerers could be 0; not all at all; 1 a little; 2 somewhat; 3: strongly. After all this, it is important to describe and elaborate specific positive or negative emotion one is feeling (Toms et al., 2015. Also, for the tracking process to be excellent, it is very crucial to utilize categories such as the, socializing, working, doing housework and much more especially when describing things that an individual is doing. However, it is also critical to develop categories which suit the activities of the life of an individual and also the ones which outlined the needs of a person. Eventually, it is very crucial to write down how a person is satisfied with the life. Furthermore, it is advisable to use a scale like, very pleased, dissatisfied, moderately satisfied, slightly dissatisfied, neither dissatisfied, somewhat satisfied and very satisfied. It is also important to maintain this particular regime for some weeks and checking the trends which emerged, the deeds that make an individual happy, the ones which bring happiness and also the days which a person is not satisfied. Role of Positive Psychology in Promoting Happiness The positive psychology concentrates on civilizing the universal quality of life in persons, contrary to improving upon possible human flaws, which has been the aim of conventional psychology (Seligman Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). The positive psychology try to refute the hedonic treadmill theory of human happiness, which states that every person has a place point of happiness, that is near to impartiality, which modifies for short durations, reflecting life situations, but ultimately returns to objectivity A positive psychologist has come up with different ways that happiness of an individual can be facilitated, for instance, friends, family, social organization, social ties and work networks. The hedonic wellbeing outlines that increased pleasure and reduction in pain contributes to happiness. The concept of hedonic is grounded on the notion of subjective wellbeing. It encompasses effective components which are high low negative and high positive affect and satisfaction with life. It is also based on the fact that a person goes through happiness when satisfaction with life and positive affect are high. In regards to eudaimonic well-being, happiness builds on the structure that persons are contented if they encounter life function growth and challenges (Rysamb Nes, 2016). The very strategy accommodates the self-determination theory to conceptualize contentment. This theory pointed out that happiness is linked to accomplishment in the parts of independence and competence. Through engagement in eudaimonic pursuits, happiness will happen as a product. It appears that happiness does not occur from pleasure pursuit but from the growth of strengths of an individual and also the qualities which link with an idea of positive psychology. The past emotions are adamant on the present and future of an individual. People have strong bitter feelings on things which happen in some time back have a feeling of regret on the deeds which have passed, and they carry them to the present life (Power, 2015). Many people believe that their past will determine their future and they led it to control them. Also, studies indicate that negative actions which happened during childhood have very little happiness on the adulthood happiness. Using positive psychology, individuals can be trained to modify these feelings on the past into joy and satisfaction. To perform this, the appreciation and clemency ought to be cultured in persons. Positive psychology has developed an understanding of the attributes and qualities of wellbeing. However, personality traits show that happy and unhappy individuals have different profiles (Donaldson et al., 2015). For instance, happy people seem to have extroverted, hopeful and high self-esteem. However, happiness is contributed by positive and negatives undertakings in our lives, and this has contributed to the fact that extraverts have a better fit to the social environments which can aggravate emotions of happiness. Also, they are likely to experience more happiness as compared to introverts. Application of Positive Psychology Techniques to Promotion off Happiness Getting into Flow Individuals in flow are ecstatic and are not stressed even when performing a challenging job. They lose themselves in the job they like and feel out of time; it has been found that their brains work precisely, efficiently and interestingly (Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). Managers should ensure that workforce's key performance determinants get defined. This is because flows happened when jobs are aligned with individuals objectives. Appraisal Happiness is facilitated particularly when a person gets a positive reward. By rewarding an individual who has performed certain work is a positive approach which promotes happiness and that individual will be in a position to do better work in future (Sheldon Lucas, 2014). For instance increasing salary among healthcare workers makes them happy individuals since most of the needs will be fulfilled and they will get satisfied. In schools, students who get a positive complement from teachers for performing particular work will be happy and will assist the student to work hard to do it better. Smiling Techniques Positive psychology believes that people who smile due to cultivating positive thoughts can improve their mood (Sheldon Lucas, 2014). By developing and recalling the past experiences especially pleasant memories improves happiness and drives away the bad moods. The Dynamic Spread of Happiness If individual lives with people who are always happy will likely be happy too. However, by doing so will have an impact on the future life where the person will be even happy irrespective of the problems faced (Sheldon Lucas, 2014). Savoring Interventions It is not easy to find happiness in life. Researchers have found ways which can be utilized to savor positive experiences through valuing their positive encounters (Sheldon Lucas, 2014). It is done via valuing their ongoing positive experiences and also through anticipating the positive events in future. Empathy-Related Interventions Empathy encompasses the inner feedback on what we learn or see or what happen to another person. It develops understanding and kindness (Sheldon Lucas, 2014). The empathy interventions assist comprehension on other people and later extend forgiveness, acts of kindness and compassion. Creative Interventions This encompasses development of new useful information. It enhances technology and culture, also, positive psychology is linked to creativity as it associated with the approach of human flourishing and also the factors which assist people to survive and have a better living(Sheldon Lucas, 2014). Also, they boost individual's resilience and offer more flexibility and choice to their lives. Conclusion Happiness forms a significant aspect of an individual wellbeing. Through positive psychology, happiness can be achieved. It is facilitated particularly when a person gets a positive reward. Also, actions which happened during childhood have very little happiness on the adulthood happiness References Corrigan, J. D., Kolakowsky-Hayner, S., Wright, J., Bellon, K., Carufel, P. (2013). The satisfaction with life scale.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation,28(6), 489-491. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2013).Flow: The psychology of happiness. Random House. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Learning,flow, and happiness. 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