Zero Effort Network Essays - Windows API, Btrieve,

Zero Effort Network Zero Effort Networks (Z.E.N. works) is an incredible new apparatus in NetWare 5, that makes the system manager's activity significantly simpler by permitting him to invest less energy at every client workstation. To have the option to utilize the Z.E.N. works these are the least equipment necessities: ? Processor: 486/33 or higher ? Memory: 16 MB (for Windows 95); 24 MB (for Windows NT) ? Hard plate space: 4 MB (workstation; 24 MB (full station) Z.E.N. works should be introduced on the server and the customer on the workstation should be refreshed. During the establishment procedure Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs) are duplicated to the workstation. DLLs contain subprograms that are called by an application to play out specific activities. Another utility that is remembered for Z.E.N. attempts to support the dissemination and the board of uses is the Application Launcher, which comprises of four significant parts: ? Snap-in DLL ? Preview ? Application objects in the NDS tree ? Application Launcher Window and Application object The snAppShot utility permits you take a preview of the Windows workstation previously introducing the application. The preview incorporates Registry settings alongside the names of framework and application documents on the workstation. After the application has been introduced, the snAppShot utility snaps another photo of the workstation's design and afterward utilizes the two previews to make an Application Object Template (AOT) document. The Application Launcher utilizes the AOT document to figure out what Registry settings and framework records should be duplicated to the workstation to run the application from the system. Notwithstanding counting setup settings and framework document names, the AOT record too contains the name of the Application object and the way where you need to store the AOT and establishment documents. Therefore, before running the snAppShot utility, you have to characterize the name you need to use for the Application object what's more, choose where the application and AOT records will be put away. The Application Launcher programming comprises of two parts: the covering program and the launcher. The covering program figures out which launcher program (NALW31.EXE, NALWIN32.EXE, or NAL.EXE) to run dependent on the customer PC's working framework. The launcher program at that point decides the Application items to which the client approaches and shows a window demonstrating all applications the client has been approved to run. At the point when the client chooses an application, the launcher decides if the application is introduced on the workstation. In the event that this is the first run through the client has run the application from this workstation, the application will naturally be introduced utilizing the AOT document made by the snAppShot utility. In the event that Application Launcher detects that the application arrangement has been harmed, or documents are absent or degenerate, it will naturally right the application arrangement and duplicate and harmed or missing documents.

Free Essays on File Sharing

Document Sharing is the RIAA’s Scapegoat for the Decline of CD Sales The year 1999 turned into the dominant year of Napster as networks of music makers and audience members were acquainted with Internet distributed record sharing. The verifiable development of Napster clients before long pained the record business. Various record names immediately documented suits guaranteeing Napster record sharing disregards the copyright laws of their protected innovation. After a broad fight in court the ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decided for the record organizations. The end of Napster impelled the creation of an apparently unending rundown of choices. These new ages of document sharing systems are not exactly clones of the spearheading Napster. Their basic alterations expelled the need of a focal database. Certain applications don't expect clients to sign in utilizing a screen name or some other distinguishing data. Since such modified attributes decelerates the industry’s consumption of free shared music organizes the RIAA is in quest for any ch ance to defame them. One of the most widely recognized allegations is that document sharing is bringing about a decay of CD deals. The industry’s claims that record sharing debilitates CD deals are mistakenly defended. The measurements introduced by the music business to show the relationship between's record sharing and diminishing CD deals are misleading. Hilary Rosen asserts in the RIAA’s multi year-end shipments report that, â€Å"a enormous factor adding to the diminishing in generally speaking shipments a year ago is online theft and CD burning† (Rosen). Nonetheless, the RIAA’s own special measurements don't bolster this end downloaded music is liable for the industry’s asserted droop. Conservative plate unit deals for the years 1999 in which Napster was presented were accounted for as 938.9 million, revealed units sold in 2000 were 942.5 million, detailed units in 2001 were 881.9 million, and last year’... Free Essays on File Sharing Free Essays on File Sharing Record Sharing is the RIAA’s Scapegoat for the Decline of CD Sales The year 1999 turned into the prevailing year of Napster as networks of music makers and audience members were acquainted with Internet distributed document sharing. The verifiable development of Napster clients before long pained the record business. Various record names immediately documented suits asserting Napster document sharing disregards the copyright laws of their licensed innovation. After a broad fight in court the ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decided for the record organizations. The end of Napster instigated the creation of an apparently perpetual rundown of options. These new ages of record sharing systems are not exactly clones of the spearheading Napster. Their basic changes evacuated the need of a focal database. Certain applications don't expect clients to sign in utilizing a screen name or some other recognizing data. Since such adjusted qualities decelerates the industry’s consumption of free shared music arranges the RIAA is in quest for any chance to criticize them. One of the most well-known allegations is that record sharing is bringing about a decay of CD deals. The industry’s charges that document sharing debilitates CD deals are inaccurately advocated. The measurements introduced by the music business to show the relationship between's record sharing and diminishing CD deals are misleading. Hilary Rosen guarantees in the RIAA’s multi year-end shipments report that, â€Å"a huge factor adding to the abatement in generally speaking shipments a year ago is online theft and CD burning† (Rosen). Notwithstanding, the RIAA’s own one of a kind measurements don't bolster this end downloaded music is liable for the industry’s claimed droop. Smaller plate unit deals for the years 1999 in which Napster was presented were accounted for as 938.9 million, detailed units sold in 2000 were 942.5 million, announced units in 2001 were 881.9 million, and last year’...

Help With Writing a Research Paper

Help With Writing a Research PaperYou may not be aware of it, but if you are searching for help with writing a research paper, there are some important tips that can help you. Of course, this is just a small part of the book that will help you through the process, but hopefully it will help you get started.Before you begin, it is necessary to define your topic for your research paper, whether that is a specific topic, a topic related to your current business, or something completely different. The more you know about the topic, the easier it will be to write your paper. Don't worry; if you do not know anything about the topic, it is still possible to create an outline for the content.For help with writing a research paper, read other people's work, as well as make sure your paper is original. When you read others' work, use these tips: know their background, what they have done in the past, and how their work compares to your own. By knowing who they are and what they have done, you will be better prepared to create a paper that makes them proud.It is imperative that you do not just copy someone else's writing, as that is lazy and can be seen as disrespectful. Instead, when you want to help with writing a research paper, look over their work and then, when you are done, spend some time to learn from their mistakes. In this way, you can begin to improve your writing skills and style, something that is very important when you are looking for help with writing a research paper.After you have completed your paper, you should make a few revisions. When you are done with your research, try to make it even better. No matter what kind of research paper you have, revision is necessary when you are looking for help with writing a research paper. If you want to help with writing a research paper, you must have a certain level of skill, and this means writing a good paper.When you are looking for help with writing a research paper, it is helpful to work on your own researc h paper in order to create a paper that will stand out. Although you will want to help with writing a research paper, don't sacrifice your own quality. You must be committed to your own writing style and skills if you want to help with writing a research paper.When you are looking for help with writing a research paper, you also need to ensure that you include a reference list. This will help you avoid making mistakes that may be picked up by a potential employer. It will also help you know where you are going with your research and where to turn to for more information.Help with writing a research paper should include using the steps and tips above. Following these steps will help you avoid trouble and help you get through the project in record time.

MAC Cosmetic Strategic Plan

Official rundown The paper breaks down the MAC Cosmetic business key arrangement. The paper has additionally broke down the qualities, shortcoming, openings and dangers of MAC Company. Notwithstanding that, it qualities and shortcoming have been contrasted with its rivals. Besides, suggestions have been given to guarantee viable execution of the business key plan.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual investigation test on MAC Cosmetic Strategic Plan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Background Information MAC likewise alluded to as Make-up-Art Cosmetics, is a profoundly particular partnership. The business methodologies and establishing standards of MAC are incredibly basic yet extremely powerful as far as adding to the achievement of the organization. Macintosh doesn't use business plots that are extravagant. Notwithstanding that, it is extraordinarily worried about its shoppers. In the underlying stages, the organization attempted to set up itself. Be that as it may, right now it has picked up energy and it is presently a multimillion-dollar undertaking. Moreover, the organization is developing quickly and has the absolute most requested and famous beauty care products present in the market condition. Macintosh as an organization is strikingly powerful and produces different items, for example, hair care, healthy skin, beautifiers and excellence items. These items are intended for everybody, for example, the youthful or old, traditionalist or popular, poor or rich, male or female. Given the way that the organization can without much of a stretch extend to different areas, the organization doesn't advocate for growing. This is on the grounds that the organization accepts that, for motivations behind keeping up great levels, staying in charge is the way in to the organization achievement (Anonymous. Scent Wholesome, 2012) MAC beautifiers were made with an incredibly imaginative vision. The vision point was to fill the current hole between design photography and cosmetics aestheticness. So as to fulfill the expanding need of excellence and amusement experts, Frank Toskan, a design picture taker and Frank Angelo a salon chain proprietor, propelled in 1985 a style frontward line in Toronto. Some time before MAC organization history, the originators of MAC beautifying agents (Toskan and Angelo) occupied their product offering towards the style and magnificence experts industry that depended vigorously on cake cosmetics, overwhelming beautifiers and stage cosmetics. This was done so as to make the enhanced visualizations required to bear brilliant light during their shooting of photos.† Who better ascent up to this interest than a design photographer†. With a product offering that is big name supported and an alluring picture, MAC beautifying agents starts to lead the pack in the magnificence business (Machalack, 2012, p.1).Advertising Looking for contextual analysis on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Revenue, Global Reach and Company Size Estee Lauder in 1998 purchased MAC and helped the organization develop all inclusive. Estee Launder creates 6.3billion dollars yearly between their twenty-five unmistakable brands. Macintosh is liable for one hundred and sixty million of the income produced by Estee Lauder. As of now, MAC has more than one thousand stores and is available in sixty seven nations around the world (Anonymous, MAC Capaign, 2012) Strategic Options for MAC Cosmetic For the organization to stay noteworthy in the exceptionally serious market, it needs to use the accompanying demonstrating devices: Balanced Score Card and SWOT examination. A SWOT examination of the organization helps in drawing out the qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers to the organization as outlined beneath MAC SWOT Analysis Strengths Its items are made for all races, genders and ages Named number two as Forbs† America’s most Admired Company† Its image name is as of now known in the Market without cruelty Weakness The costs are high than certain people can manage the cost of  Its just the experts that can get to their PRO hues Opportunities Boosting encounters in internet shopping Ability to grow globally Brazil and India. For example, the organization is chipping away at establishments and becomes flushed so as to fit explicitly the Indian Skin tone Exhibit detached stores in contrast with spots situated in departmental stores Threats Increased pace of rivalry as various organizations have lip palette and Eye Shadow blends consistently each season There exist inquiries on whether their web based shopping lift would assume control over their notable individual help. Answers for Each SWOT Analysis Make-Up Art Cosmetic has more quality contrasted with shortcoming. The heading being sought after by the Company is very encouraging to a future incremen t in both of its funds and brand name. The organization can use this augmentation to further their potential benefit, for example, making more requested items, for example, lip conceal palettes as well as/eye shadows. In spite of the MAC Company made for cosmetics craftsman, it is being offered to Estee Lauder and the overall population. All things considered, the MAC proprietors need to keep their announcement in mind† Wanting to contact everyone.† Their significant rival, NARS, a make-up Art Cosmetics won the opposition since when they offer their items to shoppers, the buyers feel like they are accomplishing more. Notwithstanding that, they like the conservativeness of NARS. Given the way that web based shopping makes an extraordinary open door for the MAC Company, it can likewise be an incredible danger to their own administrations that are spoiling in nature. Macintosh clients have the desire of buying the company’s items on the web; be that as it may, they m ay likewise need to attempt first the item. For example, dominant part of people regularly need to give Make Up items to locate a shot on the off chance that they really mix with their skin. Likewise, it is required for them to affirm if an item is appropriate for their skin. The organization ought to feel free to advance their online store. In any case, MAC should keep advancing VIP banners on their standing stores that are free for reasons for keeping their own experience celebrated by its customers (Joines, 2009, P.12). Parity Score Card A parity scorecard is an administration and vital arranging framework used to adjust the business exercises to an association vision statement.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual investigation test on MAC Cosmetic Strategic Plan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ideally, balance scorecard attempts to interpret devout and dubious any desires for a company’s statement of purpose/vision into items of common se nse of successfully and effectively dealing with the business. Accordingly, using a parity scorecard, MAC Company needs to take a gander at the accompanying regions so as to improve these territories. Actually, these zones are only from time to time comprehensive and much of the time are explicit to an organization. Office Areas Finance Investment returns Cash stream Return on utilized Capital Financial Results(Yearly, quarterly) Internal procedures of a business Number of exercises per work Across capacities copy exercises Alignment of procedures( is the correct procedure being conveyed in the correct office) Process computerization Process bottlenecks Growth and Learning Are there mastery required for the activity? Turnover of representatives Job fulfillment Learning/Training openings Customer execution conveyance Quality execution for customers Market client rate Retention pace of clients Once MAC has dissected its quantifiable and explicit results of the abovementioned, it ought to be prepared to utilize the methodology of the fair scorecard so as to improve the inadequate zones. Additionally, the measurement set up must be explicit, feasible, quantifiable, auspicious and solid. This is on the grounds that an association can't enhance what it can't gauge. By and large, the four viewpoints of Balanced Scorecard approach are client, inner business procedures, development and learning and budgetary. Macintosh organization compelling parity scorecard usage would bring about the accompanying: instructed/spurred representatives, improved procedures, data frameworks that are upgraded, more prominent consumer loyalty, observed advancement and expanded money related use (Anonymous. Parity scorecard. N.d) Comparative comprehension of the shortcoming and quality of MAC Cosmetics with its rivals (Revlon L’Oreal†) Currently, the corrective business is in a transition state. Conventional brands, for example, L’Oreal and Revlon are seen by clients as being old. All things considered, the clients are anticipating an all the more mending and all encompassing advantages from the healthy skin items. The buyers are not, at this point mollified with the customary brands along these lines making it an incredible test to Revlon L’Oreal items. The MAC Cosmetics has had the option to flexibly customers with attention to common and remorselessness free items. This has affected significantly on the information on the shoppers. The buyers have gotten progressively curious about the advantages of MAC individual consideration items. Macintosh Cosmetics shields its buyers from harming beams of the sun, saturating their skin and diminishing maturing impacts. The significant restriction with MAC makeup is that, it has an incredible interest, yet there is no flexibly. While the MAC makeup are profoundly requested than those of its rivals, it has been riotous to discover limited items (Vasen 2007, p.1). Notwithstanding that, outside United S tates, there are no media notices and a large portion of the individuals don't know about MAC items focal points and advantages. As per statics, the successful method of getting MAC items data is by means of referrals (Bates, 2006, p.2). Given the way that there is absence of MAC items special crusades with nonattendance of free examples, the organization depends significantly on their current clients to appropriate data about their products.Advertising Searching for contextual analysis on business econom

An Approach Model for Employees’ Improving Quality of Work Free Essays

string(98) of the remarks reflected those that were made in the QWL Teams and Strategic Planning Committee. Iranian J Publ Iranian J Publ Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. We will compose a custom exposition test on An Approach Model for Employees’ Improving Quality of Work or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now 81-86 Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. 81-86 Original Article An Approach Model for Employees’ Improving Quality of Work Life (IQWL) *H Dargahi 1, J Nasle Seragi 2 1 Dept. of Health Care Management, School of Allied Health Medicine, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Iran 2 Dept. of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Iran Abstract ch Keywords: Quality of life, Model, Employees, Iran ive Foundation: Organizational highlights can influence how businesses see on their QWL is a significant thought for workers keen on improving employees’ work fulfillment. The exploration announced here meant to give the procedures used to examine and execute a pathway for TUMS Employees Improving of Quality of Work Life as a methodology model. Strategies: A Quality of Work Life Strategic Planning Committee was shaped to concentrate on upgrading TUMS employees’ nature of work life. In the subsequent stage 30 QWL groups comprising of directors and representatives were led in every one of 15 as all of TUMS Hospitals. Board individuals recognized comparable key topics of disappointment. In view of the key topics recognized, a review was created by QWL Strategic Planning by the polls which appropriated to 942 workers and 755 of them were returned. The gathered information were spared by SPSS programming and examined by factual technique. Results: The outcomes from the review indicated that the apparent most grounded territories among 12 classifications created by QWL Strategic Planning Committee that workers consented to enhance their QWL were correspondence, initiative financial a non-money related remuneration and backing. This board of trustees assessed the results of QWL supervisors and representatives groups to improve the representatives, nature of work life at 15 TUMS Hospitals. End: The QWL Strategic Planning Committee prescribe another methodology model to propose the ways which great on the employees’ improving QWL. Presentation There is anything but a typical acknowledged definition for nature of work life. In human services associations, for example, clinics, nature of work life (QWL) has been portrayed as alluding to the qualities and shortcoming in all out workplace (1). Hierarchical highlights can influence how representatives see on their nature of work life. It is a significant thought for employees’ to be keen on improving their activity fulfillment (2). Authoritative highlights, for example, arrangements and strategies, administration style, activities, and general relevant elements profoundly affect how representatives see the nature of their work life. QWL is an umbrella term which incorporates numerous ideas. Since the discernments held by Ar of SI workers assume a significant job in their choice to enter, remain with or leave an association, it is significant that employees’ observations be incorporated while evaluating QWL (3). Accomplishment of the improving nature of work life (IQWL) advances the better utilization of existing workforce aptitudes and expanded representatives contribution. In particular, it energizes and bolsters the improvement of the interior abilities base to make a progressively proficient, persuaded and productive workplace. There are a few structures utilized by associations to improve their exhibition through the advancement of their representatives. The standard system underpins ceaseless improvement by urging administrators to assess the inward 81 *Corresponding creator: Tel: +98 21 88965608, Fax: +98 21 88951775, E-mail: hdargahi@sina. ums. air conditioning. ir D (Received 19 Jan 2007; acknowledged 6 Aug 2007) www. SID. ir H Dargahi, J Nasle Seragi: An Approach Model for†¦ Materials and Methods To help with accomplishing characterized destinations and acknowledgment of value work life issues and pointers, the Quality of Work Life Strategic Planning Committee was shaped in Te hran college of Medical Sciences. The individuals from this council were two emergency clinic clinical chiefs, two medical clinic directors and one word related wellbeing master joined to assemble to decide key arranging and need to concentrate on upgrading the nature of work life of TUMS Employees. In the principal meeting, this advisory group guaranteed a proceeded with duty to improve and concentrate on the QWL of TUMS Hospitals’ Employees as a methodology model and suggested that 30 QWL groups comprising of troughs and workers were led in every one of the fifteen of TUMS emergency clinics. Manager’s groups were shaped with TUMS Hospitals Nursing Administrators and Head of Clinical and Supportive offices. Employee’s groups were shaped with delegates of TUMS Nursing, Supportive and Paramedical representatives. QWL board of trustees individuals invested extra energy to accumulate the data about the employees’ improving QWL at every emergency clinic. Following sev-ive ch 82 Ar of SI Results capacities which shape their associations, adequacy. Such capacities incorporate execution the executives instruments, employee’s vocation advancement, and employees’ association. An attempted a tried structure permits medicinal services associations, for example, clinics to address key issues that are of worry for emergency clinics (4). Along these lines, a high QWL is fundamental for medicinal services associations to proceed to draw in and hold representatives (5). QWL is a complete program assigned to improve employees’ fulfillment (6). A few investigations found a solid connection between work fulfillment and QWL for medicinal services organizations’ representatives (7). The exploration detailed meant to give the procedures used to examine and execute a pathway for TUMS Hospitals’ Employees as a methodology model to improve QWL for them. eral gatherings, 30 QWL groups distinguished comparable key normal topics of disappointment. These information are appeared in Fig. 1. QWL groups announced these information to QWL Strategic Planning Committee. From the start, in view of the recognized key subjects an aggregate of 12 zones were created by the QWL Strategic Planning Committee (Fig. 2). In the following stage, a cross-sectional, enlightening and investigative study with 942 workers as 20% of all out representatives at 15 TUMS clinics were solicited to rate from their understanding or difference according to a progression of explanations utilizing Lickert Type Scale were created by QWL Committee as appeared in Fig. 2. In any case, the surveys were disseminated to 15 TUMS Hospitals’ Employees and 755 of them were restored, the reaction rate accomplished to 90%. Various workers were picked to offer composed remarks. Huge numbers of the remarks reflected those that were made in the QWL Teams and Strategic Planning Committee. You read An Approach Model for Employees’ Improving Quality of Work in classification Paper models The gathered information were dissected by SPSS programming. The outcomes were broken into four segments of workers just directors, medical caretakers, steady (non-clinical) and paramedical representatives. †2/3 of the workers accepted that they were unsatisfied on the grounds that they couldn't take part in dynamic. †Only 20% of the react ants showed that they were fulfilled and happy with their activity inspiration. †54. % of the respondents accepted that their administrators and managers didn't watch basics of human relations in their medical clinics. †2/3 of the respondents had not trust to their senior administration. †most by far (96. 9%) of the respondents showed that they are paid insu fficient. †most by far (98. 4%) of the respondents showed that they were unsatisfied with their activity government assistance. D www. SID. ir Iranian J Publ Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. 81-86 †by far most (92. 3%) of the representatives accepted that they were unsatisfied with money installment to them. The entirety of the workers communicated that they were unsatisfied with non money installment to them. 72. 3% of the workers accepted that they were unsatisfied with help from their directors. As indicated by the outcomes, there were no perceptible contrasts among the four gatherings in their rating of regard. †¢ Human asset issues identifying with outstanding task at hand and staffing †¢ Management rehearses †¢ Leadership issues †¢ Inadequate prizes and salary †¢ Loss of regard , trust and pay among individuals †¢ More inclusion in dynamic Identified need from help for workers to manage burnout and change †¢ Care taking capacity is n't upheld by TUMS Hospitals overall Fig. 1: Dissatisfaction Themes structure representatives and administrators QWL groups. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Association responsibility Trust Ar Fig. 2: Set of 12 disappointment estimates created by QWL Strategic Planning Committee ch Support 11. Regard Monetary Compensation Non financial Compensation Leadership Attendance the executives Communication among administrators and workers Communication among chiefs and directors 0. By and large Communication 12. Acknowledgment ive of SI 83 D www. SID. ir †¢ Poor correspondence among representatives and the executives H Dargahi, J Nasle Seragi: An Approach Model for†¦ Fig. 3: New Structural Approach Model to improve QWL at TUMS Hospitals, 2005 Discussion The outcomes indicated that the apparent most grounded zones among 12 classes created by QWL Strategic Planning Committee that workers consented to enhance their QWL, were correspondence, authority, monitory and non monitory remuneratio n , and support. High scores for poor correspondence were noted between administrators/directors with representatives need improvement. However, the advancements of a â€Å"communication strategy† propose building up clear correspondence concentrating on linkages between manag

Challenges Of Operating In Qatar Clothing Companies - 22000 Words

Cultural Challenges Of Operating In Qatar – Case Study Of International Clothing Companies (Dissertation Sample) Content: CULTURAL CHALLENGES OF OPERATING IN QATAR CASE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL CLOTHING COMPANIESContentAcknowledgementI would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor for providing me with the support and continuous feedback to complete this dissertation. AbstractThe study offered an in-depth examination of the current cultural challenges of operating in Qatar and attempted to ascertain the current cultural opportunities and trends conducive to the success of European clothing chains. The study also examined cultural factors acting as barriers to the European clothing companies already established in Qatar. Formulating a hypothesis from the data collected, the study used a combination of deductive and inductive approaches and qualitative and quantitative research methods; data were collected from primary sources, in the form of questionnaires and interviews, and from secondary sources. A total of 270 respondents were selected randomly for the study, co mprising 120 staff from three target companies and 150 customers. The results indicated that culture plays a crucial role in consumers choice of clothing. The clothing industry in Qatar operates under strict Islamic laws and cultural traditions which have limited the market opportunities and expansion for various European fashion companies. Clothing is a significant aspect in Middle Eastern countries and is treated with much respect; hence everyone living in these countries is expected to adhere to the culture by dressing with respect and modesty. All females are expected to dress appropriately within Islamic principles and values; these conflict with Western clothing styles, in which females expose their bodies. These values and principles have restricted Western fashion clothing designs, making it hard for companies to sell such fashions in the Qatar clothing market. In conclusion, culture and Islamic traditions clearly play a big role in the Qatar clothing market. Western fashion designs are not currently popular, as most people prefer to abide by traditional Islamic values, principles and modes of dress. Chapter 1 - Introduction The dissertation studied the cultural challenges of international clothing companies in Qatar. In recent years, many foreign companies have expanded in to the Middle East as part of their global expansion strategy.Background to the Study Globalisation has put pressure on businesses to internationalize their operations and functions in order to survive and sustain in a competitive market. The increasing need to take business abroad and attract international customers, has made entrepreneurs and business owners to become innovative and find effective strategies to internationalize their businesses. The globalization and internationalization of businesses is a growing area in todays economy as firms try to acquire a competitive edge in the market Robinson (1984). When expanding internationally a firm needs to consider its mode of en try, the mode of entry will be determined by the market attractiveness, which is determined by a high market growth, if it has a low political risk, the attitudes they have to foreign investment, and the favourable competitive market environment. One such nation companies are seeking to venture into is Qatar, which has shown remarkable developments in economic, political, and social aspects. However, any international business seeking to succeed in this market has to deal with the social, cultural, political, economic, legal and environmental factors. It is evident that the Qatar social cultural practices have a strong influence on consumer market, advertising, and business practices, especially the clothing industry. Consumers are under the influence of social-cultural influences like Islamic culture, which influence the consumer to conduct their affairs with honesty, respect, peacefulness, kindness, modesty, community, and purity (Al-Buracy 2004). The consumer is also under the i nfluence of the rules of the Quran and Sunnah (Gole 2002). The consumer is expected to respect laws where the Quran guides women and men on how to dress and conduct their affairs modestly and with respect (Rice and Al-Mossawi 2002). Clothing is an important aspect since the choice of clothing a person wears indentifies their gender, social, and religious identities, as a means through which individuals place themselves in the society through established codes of behaviour (Gibson 2000). Clothing is an important element to the culture in Qatar in which modesty is required, especially of women who are expected to wear clothes that cover their bodies (Al-Qarawadi 1995). This requirement for modesty is an aspect that has affected the market entry mode for international clothing companies into Qatar and the Middle East in general (Boulanouar 2006). The requirement for modesty clothing is translated into different styles and forms of hair and body covering, like the black abaya in Qatar and the rest of the countries of the Gulf region for women, and the white thoub for men and head covering ghatra (Al-Qarawadi 1995). The study of the clothing market in terms of marketing, consumer behaviour and cultural influences for an international clothing company is of importance for this study. The study of cultural influences and the challenges they pose to clothing companies is of importance since Qatar is a nation undergoing rapid economic, social, and political changes. It is one of the countries with the highest GDP per head in the world with rapidly expanding economy. The changes in Qatar are indicated in the shifts in discourse taking place in religion, beauty and modernity, in advertising, media and commercial imagery (Belk, Gressel and Sobh 2008). This study is of importance since the desire for leadership to have modernity and openness like the western countries has led to the embracing of western values and cultures, which has created a cultural and national challe nges. It is evident that new clothing styles and modern adornments have been adopted by young Qatari women, leading to a form of conflict with traditional Islamic and Middle Eastern cultural practices (Boulanouar 2006; Gole 2002). The tension between cultures is due to the western culture of display of womens beauty and sexuality to the public, with the modern Abaya, having haute couture garments (Belk, Gressel and Sobh 2008). Therefore, a clothing company in this market has to face the varying cultural influences that are reflected on the type of garments they have to sell. Businesses use marketing and advertisements approaches to communicate with their potential consumers, by identifying, anticipating and satisfying their needs. A clothing company therefore seeking to operate in Qatar faces serious and significant inherent cultural practices that influence the behaviour, preferences, and style of consumers. This study identified that a clothing company in Qatar has to face challen ges of adapting their business processes and products to the Islam code, which identifies Halal and Haram, which refer to what is lawful/permitted and forbidden/ prohibited, respectively. The research explores the fact that marketing strategies in Qatar are required to be founded on Islamic ethos. Where, the production processes of any good and service be innocent and pure from the beginning to the end, based on the Quran and Sunnah, (Al-Faruqi 1992) and must make use of value-maximization approach over the profit-maximization (Saeed et al. 2001). It is also noted that the marketing strategy of branding is not separated from the Islamic faith, where a company and its name must depict trade relations that are have sincere intentions, where business parties meet good deeds and are not just interested in material benefits. The expectation is that these values a reflected in the supply chain, distribution, marketing and advertising channels for all businesses. Therefore, Islamic princip les and cultural practices guide the consumption patterns of consumers and should be applied to the core of many companys marketing principles and business line (Alserhan 2010).In the Middle East, companies can not have the same range of products linked to specific clothing lines and does not perform the standard services as in the West.If the correct product is not offered in the appropriate way, it can lead to negative consequences for the business.Product selection and promotion are two important factors reflecting the profitability of international clothing companies (Hollensen, 2007).The problem area for the present research refers to how to adapt these elements to a new market of the Middle East with particular focus on culture. To solve this problem, the study explores various cultural factors in Qatar that may affect and present challenges to clothing companies. Problem Statement The identifies that two factors from the promotion and product factors of marketing mix method a nd marketing strategy approach of consumer behaviour, are affected by cultural restrictions. The product mix and consumer tastes area affected by Qatar cultural practices, like the requirement for women to wear clothing that elicits modesty and completely covers their bodies. This is a marketing challenge as European clothing companies with traditional western marketing strategies cannot censor their clothing lines and follow these Islamic strategies. Qatar is under the influence of cultural practices and Islamic religious beliefs directed by the Quran and Sunnah, where the latter is the recorded sayings and writings of Prophet Mohammed. The challenge of many clothing companies is the great influence these laws have on the conduct, behaviour, tastes, and preferences of consumers. This is because, under these teachings, the consumer is influenced by Shariah law that enforces r...

Financial Literacy 101 Avoid becoming a “bad debt” statistic

In June of this year, CNBC reported that â€Å"36% of U.S. college students say they already have more than $1,000 in credit card debt.† For those of you who remember your SAT conversions, that’s over a third of all American students. One cause for this startling fact may be that few educators are bothering to prepare future collegians to assume fiscal responsibility. In an article for Forbes, Mark Avallone reveals that â€Å"only 17 states require that high school students take a course in personal finance.† Debt in itself is not necessarily a bad thing. The financial community has long distinguished between bad and good debt. Good debt can help you get an education, a house, your first car. Bad debt tends to finance designer wardrobes, jet skis, and Mardi Gras weekends for those who have no realistic way to pay off these bills. Jane Hodges puts it succinctly in her blog 10 Lessons in Financial Literacy All College Students Should Learn: â€Å"Not all debt is bad—managing debt badly is bad.† What can you do to avoid becoming a â€Å"bad debt† statistic? Learning (and practicing!) sound money management is the first step. Below are a few suggestions: Actively Budget. To be honest, this is an area some adults have trouble with, too. Students would do well to remember Charles Dickens’ Micawber Principle: "Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen pounds nineteen and six, result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pounds nought and six, result misery." In other words, if your income is exceeded by your spending you’ve got problems. The best way to balance your budget is to keep track of your spending. This can involve a spreadsheet, an app, or an old-fashioned notepad. Record everything: avoid the temptation to decide that â€Å"this purchase doesn’t count.† Everything counts. Sidestep Credit Card Pitfalls. Avallone offers this advice to families: â€Å"If the credit card mailers addressed to your teenager haven’t started to inundate your mailbox, just wait.† Make sure you are armed with enough information to choose wisely. Do you understand the disadvantages of making only minimum payments? Are you aware that making a late payment can result in a higher interest rate? Know the terms of your agreement before you sign up for that card. Build Your Personal Credit Score. Students who refuse to consider any type of credit may be throwing the baby out with the bathwater. You need to establish that you can handle debt responsibly before you enter adult life. That can’t be done if you never borrow anything! If you are apprehensive about your ability to borrow maturely, there are resources to help. Google! U.S. News has an excellent article by Beverly Harzog entitled, 5 Mistakes College Students Make With Credit Cards. Scholarship America offers Five Financial Literacy Month Tools for College Students (five seems to be a popular number). Harvard University posts guides for budgeting, credit, and taxes, among other things. Get informed for a healthy financial future! At A+ Test Prep and Tutoring, our focus is always on you. Our practices are based on the latest developments in educational theory and research. Our excellent team of tutors can help with standardized testing, executive functioning, or achievement in any other school subject. If you would like more information, Client Service Directors Anne Stanley and Susan Ware are available to answer questions and provide solutions. You may reach either of them by calling A+ Test Prep and Tutoring at 215-886-9188.